Railway-brake apparatus.



No. 755,825. PATENTED MAR. 29, 1904. G. T. & L. WOODS.

RAILWAY BRAKE APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED DBO. 31. 1902. H0 MODEL. 2 SHEEI SBEEET m: Nouns vzrrns on. FHOTO-LITHQ-v wnsmuamu, D. c

- PATENTED MAR. 29, 1904. 'G. T. &L.4 ,W00DS. RAILWAY BRAKE APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED DBO. 31. 1902.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

HO IODEL.

04: mums PETERS co. PHOTO-LITHO.. wuumuon, u, c.

' UNITED "STATES Y Patented March 29, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

GRANVILLE T. WOODS AND LYATES WOODS, NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGN- ORS, BY DIRECT AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO WESTINGHOUSE. ELEC- TRIO & MANUFACTURING CO., A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

RAILWAY-BRAKE APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 755,825, dated March 29, 1904.

Application filed December 31, 1902. Serial No. 137,350. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, GRANVILLE T. Woons and LYATES WooDs, citizens of the United States, and residents of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Railway-Brake Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

The object of our present invention is to provide effective and reliable means whereby the motion of a power-driven vehicle or train of cars may be controlled by the motorman or driver, or in case of the sudden disability of the motorman said car or train of cars will be automatically stopped, or said car or train of cars may be brought to rest by any passenger and from any position in the said car or train of cars.

Another important feature of the present invention is that a flagman may stop such car or train of cars by adjusting a trip device along the roadway, so that the power will be cut OE and the brakes applied independently of the motorman. Many of the advantages of our present system will be more clearly set forth hereinafter and then pointed out in the claims.

To more fully appreciate the present invention reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which similar reference characters indicate corresponding parts.

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of one way in which to arrange our apparatus in the equipment of one car. Fig. 2 illustrates diagrammatically three sections of wiring, supposed to be on a train of three cars, joined together by means of appropriate coupling-links. Fig. 3 is an enlarged side view of a commutingswitch. Fig. 4 shows amodification of a brake device which is adapted to hold or look the motor-controller in certain positions while the commuting-switch changes from one contact to another. Fig. 5'illustrates an enlarged sectional viewof one. of the solenoids which is employed to rotate the motor-controller.

Referring'now to Fig. 1, A is a group of circuit-wires having four sets of terminal contacts or. connectors B C D E and a set of branch wires F, which connect each with a predetermined part of the motiveportion of the motor-controller device G Gr.

The terminals or contacts B C when not in use are normally open; but they are adapted to be coupled up to apparatus on other cars independently of the sequence or end relation of such cars to form a train. The terminals or contacts D E are arranged at the respective ends of the car and remain in open circuit until a commuting switch-arm is brought into use, at which time switch-arm 1 will be moved over the terminals or contacts at D or switcharm 2 will be moved over the terminals or contacts at E. When either of such arms is moved, it is for the purpose of actuating the motor-controller device G. Springs 3 3, respectively, normally hold said switch-arms at open circuit.

H H H are emergency-brake applying or check devices whereby the car or train or cars will be brought to rest (independently of the commuting switch-arms 1 2 and independently of the motor-controller G G) when either of such devices is caused to be actuated from any suitable position. v l

I is the contact-shoe, through which the electrical equipment obtains its power from the power-circuit or contact-rail.

J is an electromagnet and its armature J, the arrangement being such that when an ab normal amount of, current is fed to the motors M M the armature J of said magnet will interrupt the circuit, and thereby prevent the burning out of said motors.

K K are magnets either of which when energized will act upon the appropriate end of lever N, and thereby cause bar O to be shifted,and thus motors M M will be reversed. Bar O carries the motor-reversing contacts P P P P. The latter contacts are brought into electrical connection with the fixed contacts R R R R as bar O is shifted. Said fixed contacts are connected to the terminals of motors M M and arranged upon a support, which is represented by dotted lines S.

T T are reversing switches which are adapted to divert energy from power-wire 4: over wire 5 to magnet K or over wire 6 to magnet K to reverse said motors M M. If switch T is thrown to the position shown in the drawings, current will flow from contact-shoe I over wire 4, thence to switch T, over wire 5, magnet K, wire 7 part 8 of device H, wire 9, armature 10, car-wheel 11, thence to return-rail 12. Such action of the current causes magnet K to attract and move end 13 of the reversing-lever N. Such movement causes contacts P to make connection with fixed contacts R R and contacts P to make connection with fixed contacts R R. hen it is necessary to change the direction of the movement of the armatures of motors M M, switch T is shifted so as to make connection with wire 6. Then current will flow from contactshoe I and pass over 4, T. 6, K, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12. Then end 14 of the reverse-lever N will be moved by magnet K, thus causing contacts P to connect with fixed contacts R R and contacts P to connect with fixed contacts R R. It is obvious that switches T and T are arranged at the respective ends of the car, and when one of such switches is in use the other is out of the circuit. Wires 4 5 6 extend upward to the conductors of group A and there connect with conductors Z10 d, respectively. When several equipped cars are coupled up to form a train, each conductor or wire in group A will be united to a corresponding conductor or wire onan adjacent car. Therefore when switch T or switch T delivers current to wire 5 or to wire 6 such energy (in addition to energizing magnet K or magnet K) passes over the appropriate one of said group of conductors at A and energizes the appropriate reversing-magnet on each equipped car of the train. The shaft G of the motor-controller has an extension or flange G, to which lug 16 is attached, and when such controller is not in use said lug rests against stop 17. Spring 3, acting through strap Z (or other suitable device) constantly tends to rotate shaft G to the position shown in the drawings. Z r 2 Z &c., are straps or other suitable devices which are wound around said shaft G and attached thereto, and each such strap is connected to the appropriate one of the solenoidcoresas, for instance, core 20 connects with strap Z, core 20 connects with strap Z &e. o '0 v 620., are solenoids into which said cores w w @11 &c., are guided by their non-magnetic extensions. It should be understood that the dark parts (indicated by w 11/10 &c.) are composed of iron, while the light parts, such as those indicated by 20 21 22, are composed of brass or some other non-magnetic material. Such extensions pass through said solenoids and slide into the receptacles, as 23 24, &c., extending from the lower parts of said solenoids. One of such receptacles is more clearly illustrated in Fig. 5. Each of said solenoids has one terminal connected to wire 25, which leads through magnet U, wire 26, thence through 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12. The remaining terminals of said solenoids are each connected to an appropriate one of the branch wires at F. Motor-controller brake X is normally held against its back stop, as illustrated in the drawings, by spring 27. Upon the movement of arm 1 or arm 2 magnet U is cut into the circuit and so maintained until the retrograde movement of said arm or handle cuts said magnet out of the circuit. Upon being energized the latter magnet draws brake X against flange G of the motor-controller shaft. The influence of magnet U is destroyed as soon as arm 1 or arm 2 makes connection with the first contact of groupD or group E, respectively. Such connection cuts magnet U and solenoid V into the circuit and in series with one another. As soon as magnet U destroys the influence of magnetU then spring 27 draws said brake away from flange G. The object of magnet U and brake X is to hold motor-controller G G stationary while one of said commuting switch-arms is passing along the blank spaces between the contacts after such arm has left one contact and before reaching another contact.

At 10 is shown .a motor-armature which is adapted to be used instead of a resistance to regulate the current which is employed to operate motor-controller G G. It is obvious that the regulation of such current is done by the counter electromotive force of armature 10.

29 is a resistance which is adapted to be used to shunt around armature 10 in case said armature becomes disabled.

30 31 is an electromagnetic brake device which when energized uses wheel 11 and rail 12 as a part of the magnetic circuit.

33 is an adjustable resistance which is adapted to be actuated by hand when it is desirous to gradually apply brake 3O 31 from the carplatform. It will be observed that the latter resistance is to control energy which is fed directly from the power-circuit to said brake.

X represents a storage battery (or any other suitable power-storage apparatus) which is adapted to take energy from the power-main and store the same, so that it may be used to apply the car-brake when so desired. One terminal of said battery is connected to conductor 80, while the remaining terminalthereof is connected to switch 32. The latter switch is placed in electrical connection with branch wire 32 whenever it is necessary to store energy by means of said apparatus at X.

One mode of operating the system is as follows: Suppose current is now delivered to contact-shoe I. Then energy would pass along 4, T, 5, K, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Magnet K then being energized attracts the end 13 of lever N, and thereby shifting bar O, so that movable contacts P are brought into connection with fixed contacts R R and movable contacts P are placed in communication with contact 37 to be brought into electrical connection with contacts 38 39 and contact 40 to electrically connect with contacts 4142, and current then flows from contact-shoe I, thence over J, J, 38, 37, 39, 43, 44, 45, M, R, P, and R, armature R, P, R, and so to 46, 46, 41, 40, 42, 47, M, P, R, R, 48, and 49. The motors M M are then in series and start up. Afurther movement of arm 2 causes it topass from contact 34 to the blank insulated space between contact 34 and contact 50. In the meantime arm 2 has come into electrical relation with contact 51. Such relationship established a circuit from arm 2, thence over 51, 52, 1, t, U, 26, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12. Magnet U now being energized pulled brake X against flange G as soon as arm 2 passed from contact 34. As arm 2 is moved progressively it makes connection with contact 50. Current then flows over 50, j, r, o, 25, U, 26, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12. Such movement of the current causes magnet U and solenoid 'v to become energized. Magnet U instantly destroys the effect which magnet U exerts on brake device X. Then spring 27 draws said brake device away from flange G-, and thereby permits the solenoid V to act upon its core w and cause the controller G G to be rotated to the second contact position, thus bringing contacts 54 and 55 togethely and thereby cutting out resistance 43. The progressive movement of arm 2 cuts the latter solenoid out of the circuit and then cuts solenoid '0 into the circuit, and this process is repeated upon each successive solenoid as arm 2 advances, and as each solenoid draws its core down it rotatescontroller Gr G to a new contact position and also permits the core of the succeeding solenoid to move down to the appropriate position to be acted upon when the appropriate solenoid is energized. As the controller G G is rotated to the third contact position contacts 56 and 57 are brought together, thereby cutting out resistance 44. A further movement of said controller causes contact 56 to pass from contact 57 thus cutting resistances 43 44 into the circuit. Then by a continued movement of such controller contact 40 passes from contacts 41 42, and thereby opening the motor-circuit. This is the fourth contact position of said controller and which is caused by the actuation of core w by solenoid 41 A progressive movement of said controller causes contacts 58 and 59 to connect with each other and contact 60 to communicate with contact 42 and contact 63 to join with contacts 61 and 62. Such is the fifth contact position ofsaid controller, and at such time motors M I M are connected in parallel. The current then flows contact-shoe I, thence over J ,'J '38, 37, 39, 43, 44 to 57. At this point the current divides. A portion passes over 45, M, P, R, R, 46, 62, 63,61, 70, 48, and 49. The remain ing portion of such divided current passes over 59, 58, 60, 42, 47, M, R, R, 48, and 49. A further forward movement connects contact 64 to contact 55, thus cutting resistance 43 out of the motor-circuit. This is the sixth contact position of the controller apparatus. The seventh and last contact position of said controller is taken contact 65 is made to connect with contact 57, at which time resistances 43 and 44 are out of the circuit. Now if arm 2 is moved backward by hand the aforesaid solenoids will be re'nergized in the reverse order to that which caused the forward movement of said controller, and after said arm 2 leaves contact 34 it should be pressed downward and brought under the head of stop 71, so that spring 3 could not cause a further retrograde movement of such arm. If anything should cause the motorman (or his equivalent) to release the arm 2 while the power was on, then spring 3 would act through strap 74 and cause a rapid retrograde movement of arm 2. As the free elastic end of said arm 2 passed from contact 34, controller G G cut off the power from the motors M M. Now said free end of arm 2normally moves on a higher plane than the stop 71. Therefore the action of spring 3 carries such end of the arm over the latter stop and forces said. arm to make connection with contact 72. (The construction of arm 2 is plainly illustrated in Fig. 5.) When the latter connection is made, current flows along contact-shoe I, thence over 4, 35, H, 36, 2, 72, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 10, 11, and 12. Such movement of the current when passing through coil 79 causes the brake device 30 31 to become magnetically energized and instantly apply itself to wheel 11 and rail 12, and thereby bringing the car to rest. It should be understood that when a train of cars is equipped and arm 2 is allowed to come into electrical connection with contact 7 2, as described, then a portion of the current which flows over arm 2 is diverted from 75 and passes over branch wire 84, thence'to conductor a of group A, and as such conductor connects with a corresponding conductor on each of the other cars it is obvious that the current is thus distributed among the various brake devices on all elect1ically-equippedcars of the train. Thede- Vices H H H may be operated by any suitable arrangemenksuch, for instance, as comof one or more of such devices, as H H H,

and trip the same, or it may cooperate in any suitable way with one or more of said devices, so as to cause the brake device 30 31 to go on (or act) to stop the car.

If device H" is operated by rope 88 or by trip device 89 or in any other suitable manner, then part 8 disconnects from the terminals of wires 9 and 26, respectively, and terminal of wire 91. Such action causes the motive parts or solenoids of controller G G to be cut out of the circuit, and then the current which was flowing over 8 and 9 is diverted from 9 and passes over 91, 78, 79, 80, 10, 11, and 12. In the meantime coil 79 caused brake device 30 31 to go on.

It will be noted that devices H and H are duplicates, each being arranged at its appropriate end of the car. It is obvious that one of such devices would be suflicient for one car if appropriate connections are made. When device H is actuated by rope 92, (or trip device 93 or by compressed-air apparatus, as shown at 94, Fig. 2, or by a magnet, as illustrated at 95, Fig. 2, or by the cars leaving the track,) the portion of H to which rope 92 is attached is caused to move upward, and thereby part 96 is disconnected from contact 36 and connected to contact 85. Such movement caused arm 2 to be disconnected from the power-circuit, and thereby deprived the solenoids (of controller G G) of power and changed the condition of the circuits, and thus permitted spring 3" to rotate G G Very rapidly, so as to cut off the current which flowed through motors M M. In the meantime current which was flowing over arm 2 now flows over 85, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 10, 11, and 12. The action of the current at coil 79 caused brake device 30 31 to go on after the circuit conditions were changed. A portion of the current after reaching wire is diverted over 8 1, thence to wire a of group A. The latter wire is adapted to communicate with an appropriate wire or conductor on the other electrically-equipped cars of the train, and as each such wire connects with its appropriate brake apparatus it is obvious that all of the brakes act simultaneously. It is to be understood that all such brake devices are in multiple with each other. The apparatus 93 is a trip whereby device H may be actuated when so desired. The trip devices and brake apparatus may be placed in any suitable position or place and may be actuated in any suitable way and by any suitable power, and

skilled mechanics may modify the emergencybrake applying or check apparatus, so as to adapt the same to any power-driven vehicle. The latter apparatus may be actuated as or by means of a block systemsuch, for instance, as shown in .the drawings--operated by a moving vehicle or otherwise.

The storage apparatus X is brought into use to set the brake or brakes by disconnecting switch 32 from branch 32 and connecting it to resistance 32. Then energy will pass from X to 32, thence over 32, 76, 77, 79, back to X. If the said apparatus is connected up as part of a train, then a portion of the energy which must pass over resistance 32 flows along conductors 75 and 84: to wire a, from which point the energy is distributed to the remaining brakes on the other cars. It will be observed that when switch 32 is connected to branch 32" the storage or energy-transforming apparatus X will be automatically recharged with energy. When one of the brake-handles or switches (such as 1, 32, &c.) is in use, then all other corresponding devices are idle. Shoe 130 may be connected to the car equipment by means of switch 129, which is disconnected from wheel 11 when the latter connection is made. Such shoe is adapted to move along in contact with conductor 128 when the car reaches that block, then the current which flows through armature 10 will pass through solenoid 125 after the device H has passed bar 89. The current thus passing through coil 125 causes the core thereof to be drawn down and bar 89 to be raised up, so that any train which attempts to pass bar 89 will be deprived of power and the brakes of such train will be set. Shoe 127 is supposed to be on a car which precedes the car on which the equipment of Fig. 1 is supposed to be, and in consequence thereof solenoid 125 is energized and bars the path of H. As soon as shoe 127 passes from conductor 128 spring 126 exerts its power and throws bar 89 down and out of the path of H, and then the process is repeated as the apparatus of Fig. 1 moves to the right.

Referring now to Fig. 2, it will be observed that there are three groups of wires-viz., A A A The groups A A are supposed to be on the two cars at the respective ends of a train. Such cars would be equipped with motors, &c. as shown in Fig. 1. The group of wires at A is supposed to be on a car which has no motor equipment.

Fig. 3 represents a side view of the commuting-switch whereby the motorman has control over the delivery of current to the several motors distributed under the car or train of cars. It will be noted that the stop 71 has a head and that arm 2 is adapted to move at a higher plane than the head of 71. The reason for such an arrangement has been explained in connection with Fig. 1. It will be observed that Fig. 4 is a modification of the brake apparatus shown as magnets U U, &c., in Fig. 1. As shown in Fig. 4, the magnet is differentially wound, so that, in effect, it is the equivalent of the two magnets shown in Fig. 1, as aforesaid. Fig. 5, as previously stated, is a partial sectional view of one of the solenoids V with the guide 24 for the stem of the solenoidcore.

We do not claim in this application the combination, with brake-applying means, of a gov- ICC IIC

erning-switch or master-controller having a manually-operated handle, means for moving said handle to its initial or zero position when released, and actuating connections to the brake-applying means which are energized by the movement of the handle to its initial or zero position, as this device as described herein is claimed both broadly and specifically in our application for patent filed April 10, 1903. Nor do we claim in our present application that featureof our apparatus which comprises in the controller fixed contacts and movable contacts, the latter being attached to a common support and adapted to move therewith in combination with a plurality of electromagnetic devices adapted to be actuated in se' quence and independently of each other, each of said electromagnetic devices being adapted to move the controller to a predetermined position, as this part of our apparatus is also claimed in our said application filed April 10, 1903, as a division of our present application.

Having now described our invention, we do not limit ourselves to the details of construction or arrangement.

We claim as new 1. The combination of a vehicle having its driving motor or motors located thereon, means adapted to change the direction of motion of said motor or motors, means adapted to control the delivery of energy to said motor or motors, brake apparatus upon said vehicle, and normally inert check apparatus operated independently of the energy-controller and adapted to cause a change in the condition of the energy-controlling device, for the purpose of stopping the delivery of energy to said motor or motors, and to cause said brake apparatus to act after the condition of said controlling device has been changed.

2. The combination of a vehicle having its driving motor or motors located thereon, means adapted to control the delivery of energy to said motor or motors, means adapted to change the direction of motion of said motor or motors, a speed-controller for said motor or motors, a device operated by hand and adapted to govern the action of said controller, brake apparatus upon said vehicle, and check apparatus operable independently of said hand device and adapted to change the condition of said speed-controller and thereafter to cause said brake apparatus to be brought into action.

3. The combination of a train of cars, driving-motors upon several of said cars, controller apparatus for said motors, such apparatus having a rapid retrograde movement, commuting-switch apparatus upon each equipped car and adapted to cause said controller apparatus to be energized, commuting-switch wires upon each car, means adapted to directly connect such wires of one car in series with similar wires on another car independently of the sequence or end relation of said cars, brake apparatus upon several of said cars, means adapted to connect the brake apparatus on one car to such apparatus on the other cars,

and normally inert brake-applying apparatus operating independently of said controller apparatus and adapted to change the condition of the circuits to cause the flow of energy to said motors to cease and to cause the brake apparatus on all of the cars to act simultaneously after the condition of said circuits has been changed.

4. The combination of a train of cars, driving-motors upon several of the cars, controller apparatus for said motors, such apparatus having a rapid retrograde movement, commuting-switch apparatus upon each equipped car and adapted to cause said controller apparatus to be energized, commuting-switch wires upon each car, means adapted to directly connect such wires of one car in series with similar wires on another car independently of the sequence or end relation of said cars, brake apparatus upon several of said cars, means adapted to connect the brake apparatus on one car to such apparatus on another car, normally inert brake applying apparatus operated independently of said controller apparatus and adapted to change the condition of the circuits for the purpose of causing the flow of energy to said motors to cease and to cause the brake apparatus on all of the cars to act simultaneously after the condition of said circuits has been changed, and means whereby said check apparatus may be brought into action.

5. The combination of a train of cars, driving-motors upon several of the cars, controller apparatus for said motors, such apparatus having a rapid retrograde movement, commutingswitch apparatus upon each equipped car and adapted to cause said controller apparatus to be energized, commuting-switch wires upon each car, means adapted to directly connect such wires of one car in series with similar wires on another car independently of the sequence or end relation of said cars, brake apparatus upon several of said cars, means adapted to connect the brake apparatus on one car to such apparatus on another car, and normally inert brake-applying apparatus operated independently of said controller apparatus and adapted to change the condition of the circuits for the purpose of causing the flow of energy to said motors to cease and to cause the brake apparatus on .all of the cars to act.

6. In an electrical train system, the combination of motors, circuits therefor, two sets of controlwires,'one set for determining the direction of motion and one set for the regulation of speed, brake apparatus, and means operated independently of the condition of said motors and adapted to change the condition of the set of speed-wires and to cause the condition of said brake apparatus to change.

7 In an electrical train system, the combination of motors, circuits therefor, two sets of control-wires, one set for determining the direction of motion, and one set for the regulation of speed, motor-controllers, a commutingswitch adapted to govern said controllers, brake apparatus and means operated independently of said commuting-switch and adapted to change the condition of the speed-regulating wires and to cause said brakes to act.

8. In an electrical train system, the combi nation of motors, circuits therefor, two sets of control-wires one set for determining the direction of motion, and one set for the regulation of speed, motor-controllers, a commutingswitch adapted to govern said controllers, brake devices, apparatus operated independently of the motor-controlling apparatus and adapted to cause the condition of the speedregulating wires to change and to cause the condition of said brake devices to change, and means whereby said apparatus may be brought into action.

9. In an electrically equipped train, the combination of motors, circuits therefor, two sets of control-wires, one set for determining the direction of motion and one set for the regulation of speed, controllers for said motors, a commuting-switch adapted to govern said controllers, car-brake devices, apparatus operated independently of the motor-controlling apparatus and adapted to cause a change in the condition of said circuits and to cause the condition of said brake devices to change, and means located along the path of the train and adapted to bring said apparatus into action.

10. In a system of electrical propulsion, the combination of a pair of motors, a commutingswitch, a speed-controlling device and a direction-controlling device, said speed-controlling device being adapted to couple said motors in series and then in parallel, car-brake apparatus and means operated independently of said speed-controller and adapted to cause the condition of said speed-controller to change and to change the condition of said brake apparatus.

11. In a system of electrical propulsion, the combination of a motor-controlling apparatus having a series of wire coils and adapted to control said motor, the said coils of said apparatus having one set of their terminals permanently connected together and leading to one part of their supplycircuit, while the other set of their terminals are each in a normally open circuit, a manually-operable commuting-switch which is adapted to connect the latter terminals in sequence to the open-circuit terminals of their current-supply circuit, means located at said commuting switch whereby if the manual control of the latter switch ceases while the current is on, the circuits will be automatically opened, car-brake apparatus,and means adapted to cause a change in the electrical condition of said controlling apparatus and to cause said brake apparatus to operate immediately after said change in the electrical condition of said controlling apparatus.

12. In a system of electrical car propulsion, the combination of propelling-motors, circuits therefor, controller apparatus adapted to change the connections of the motor-circuits, a hand-operable commuting-switch with circuit connections whereby the said controller apparatus may be governed, car-brake mechanism, storage apparatus adapted to accumulate energy received from the main or power circuit, a motor acting independently of said propelling-motors and adapted to influence the delivery of energy to said storage apparatus, manually-operable apparatus adapted to be caused to gradually deliver energy from said storage apparatus to said brake mechanism, and means located at said commutingswitch and adapted to automatically cause said brake mechanism to act if the motorman releases said commuting-switch while energy is being delivered to said propelling-motors.

13. The combination of a train of cars, propelling-motors upon several of said cars, controller apparatus upon each equipped car and adapted to change the connections of said motors, commuting-switch apparatus upon each equipped car and each such switch being adapted to govern all of said controller apparatus, commuting-switch wires upon each car, means adapted to directly connect such wires of one car in series with similar wires on another car independently of the sequence or end relation of said cars, brake apparatus upon several of said cars, means adapted to connect the brake apparatus on one car to such apparatus on another car, means whereby, when the motorman ceases to control the motion of the train, said brake apparatus will be automatically caused to act independently of the speed of the train and of the action of said propelling-motors.

14. A train of cars each equipped with a motor to drive it, a common controlling device for the motors, means which tend to hold said device out of the circuit, means acting independently of the said motors and without disturbing any of the controlling apparatus to check any tendency of the power-current to cause the motors to become abnormally heated, car-brake apparatus, and means adapted to operate independently of the motor-controlling device and to change the electrical condition of said motors and to influence the condition of said brake apparatus.

15. The combination of one or more commuting-switches each provided with a plurality of contacts, a plurality of motors, controller apparatus adapted to connect said motors in series and then in multiple, the said controller apparatus being provided with a set oi fixed contacts and a plurality of movable contacts and adapted to have one section energized, to move said movable contacts one step When the commuting-switch makes connection with one of its contacts,. car-brake apparatus, and means operated independently of said controller apparatus and adapted to change the electrical condition of said motors and to influence the condition oi said brake apparatus.

16. In combination, a motor, a controller therefor comprising fixed contacts and movable contacts, a series of separately-actuated devices adapted to move said movable contacts step by step, in one direction, through a series of operative positions, -a commutingswitch controlling the circuit connections which are adapted tosuccessively operate said actuating devices to change the speed or work of said motor, car-brake apparatus, and means operable independently of said motor controller and adapted to change the electrical condition of said motor and to change the condition of said brake apparatus.

17. In a system of electrical propulsion, the combination of a plurality of cars each having a driving-motor, motor-controller apparatus upon each such car, means adapted to electrically connectany given point of each controller apparatus with the corresponding point of each of theother of said controller apparatus, car-brake apparatus, and means operated independently of said motor-controller apparatus and adapted to cause a change in the electrical condition of the said controller apparatus and to change the condition of said brake apparatus.

18. Ina system of electrical propulsion, the combination of a plurality of cars each having a driving-motor, motor-controlling apparatus upon each such car, means adapted to electrically connect the motor-controlling apparatus on one such car to such apparatus on another car so that a given point of one controller will be in electrical connection with the corresponding point of each of the other controllers, car-brake apparatus and means operated independently of said motor-controller apparatus and adapted to change the electrical condition of said motor-controlling apparatus and to change the condition of said car-brake apparatus. r l

19. In a system of electrical propulsion, the combination of a plurality of conductors, a plurality of motors, connected between said conductors, a motor-control apparatus in electrical communication with said conductors, means adapted to cause saidcontrol apparatus to change the relation of said motors from series to parallel, car-brake apparatus and means operated independently of said motor-control apparatus and adapted to change the electrical condition of said motors and to change the condition of said brake apparatus.

20. In a system of electrical propulsion, the combination of a plurality of electrical conductors, a plurality of motors connected between said conductors, motor-control apparatus in electrical communication with said conductors, and means adapted to cause said control apparatus to change the relation of said motors from series to parallel, means adapted to reverse said motors, car-brake apparatus and means operated independently of said control apparatus and adapted to change the electrical condition of said motors and to change the condition of said brakeapparatus.

21. In a system of electricalpropulsion, the combination of a plurality of cars each having a motor to drive it, a motor-speed controller upon each such car, a commuting-switch for each speed-controller, means adapted to so couple the said electrical apparatus on one car to such apparatus on an adjacent car that the manual operation of any one of said commuting-switches will cause all of said speedcontrollers to simultaneously change the action of said motors, car-brake apparatus and means operated independently of said speedcontroller and adapted to change the electrical condition of said motors and to change the condition of said brake apparatus.

22. The combination of a plurality of electrically-equipped cars, a motor-controlling device upon each such car, means adapted to electrically connect the motor-controlling device on the car to such device on another car, means adapted to cause all of said controlling devices to start simultaneously and move synchronously and with a step-by-step motion, car-brake apparatus and means operated independently of said motor-controlling device and adapted to change the electrical condition of the controller devices and to change the condition of said brake apparatus.

23. In an electrical system, the combination of plurality of cars, each having two commuting-switches thereon, a commuting-switch or operators line on each such car and connected between the two said switches thereon, branches from said switch-lines and adapted toelectrically connect the commuting-switches on one car with such devices on another car, car-brake apparatus and means operated independently of either of said commutingswitches and adaptedto change the electrical condition of said switch-lines and to change the condition of said brake apparatus.

24. A plurality of cars, a plurality of driving-motors on such cars, a set of fixed contacts and a set of movable contacts for eflecting changes in the circuits of the motors, means adapted to actuate said movable contacts, commuting switches on the several cars and communicating with the contact-actuating means, car-brake apparatus, and means operable independently of either of said commutingswitches and adapted to change the electrical condition of said motors and to change the condition of said brake apparatus.

25. The combination of a plurality of motors, a controller apparatus therefor, a commuting-switch adapted to govern the controller, the said controller being so arranged and connected that it will automatically open the motor-circuit upon the failure of the line-current, car-brake apparatus, and means operated independently of said commuting-switch and adapted to change the electrical condition of said motors and to change the condition of said brake apparatus. 1

26. The combination of acircuit, two unlike circuit-controlling devices connected therein, one of said devices being adapted to control the other, and both having a constant tendency to automatically open said circuit, car-brake apparatus, and means operated independently of either of said controlling devices and adapted to change the electrical condition of said circuit and to change the condition of said brake apparatus.

27. The combination of a plurality of coils adapted to be successively energized, a commuting-switch adapted to deliver energy to said coils, car-brake apparatus, and means operated independently of said commutingswitch and adapted to cause the electrical condition of said coils to be changed and to cause the said brake apparatus to operate.

28. A car equipped with motors to drive it, a controller for said motors, motive mechanism adapted to operate said controller, a motor-armature in series with said mechanism and electromagnetic apparatus arranged along the path of said car and adapted to be brought into series relation with said armature by the movement of said car, for the purpose set forth.

29. The combination of two sets of controlwires, one setfor determining the direction of motion and one set for regulating the speed, two unlike switch mechanisms communicating with said wires, one automatically retracted, to a definite position, and the other inert in its circuit-closing position, means adapted to operate the latter switch, car-brake apparatus and means operated independently of any of the speed-controlling apparatus and adapted to disturb the electrical condition of the speedregulating wires and to cause a change in the condition of said brake apparatus.

30. In a system of electrical car propulsion, the combination of motors, circuits therefor, controller apparatus adapted to control the speed of said motors, a contact-shoe or contact-shoes adapted to connect said controller apparatus to the main or power circuit, carbrake mechanism, accumulative apparatus adapted to accumulate energy received from the main or power circuit, manually-operable graduating apparatus adapted to be caused to gradually deliver energy from said accumulative apparatus to said brake mechanism, and means operable independently of said graduating-apparatus and v of said speed-controller apparatus and adapted to cause a change in the electrical condition of said motor-circuits and to cause a supply of energy to be delivered to said brake apparatus.

31. In a system of electrical car propulsion, thecombination of a driving-motor, circuits therefor, speed controlling apparatus connected to the motor-circuits, ahand-switch adapted to govern said speed-controlling apparatus, means located at said hand-switch and adapted to cause said motor-circuits to be automatically opened and to cause said brake apparatus to act if the manual control of said hand-switch ceases while the motor is receiving operative current, motor-reversing mechanism connected to the motor-circuits, means adapted to control said reversing mechanism, car-brake apparatus, and means adapted to cause a change in the electrical condition of said motors independently of said means at the hand-switch and adapted to cause the condition of said brake apparatus to change.

32. The combination of one or more commuting-switches each provided with a plurality of contacts and circuits therefor, one or more motors and a controller therefor, a plurality of fixed contacts and a plurality of movable contacts being part of said controller,

circuits connected to said controller, means adapted to move the movable contacts one step when the commuting-switch makes connection with one of its contacts, car-brake apparatus and means operated independently of said commuting-switch and adapted to cause a change in the electrical condition of said circuits and to cause a change in the condition of said brake apparatus.

33. The combination of a plurality of cars united to form a train, some of said cars being equipped with driving motors, motorspeed-controlling apparatus upon each motorequipped car, means on each motor-car whereby the motors may be reversed, couplinghead devices on each motor-car and connected with the speed-controlling apparatus and the motor-reversing means, the electrical coupling-head on one car being adapted to be connected to a coupling-head on another car, thereby the corresponding parts of all of the speed-controlling apparatus on the train may receive energy simultaneously by the movement of one switch and all of said motors may be reversed at another time by the movement of another switch, car-brake apparatus and means operated independently of said speed-controlling apparatus and adapted to cause a change in the electrical condition of said speed-controlling apparatus and to cause a change in the condition of said brake apparatus.

34. A train with cars each individually equipped with a pair of motors initially coupled together in series, speed-controller apparatus for such motors, the motors on each car being initially coupled in multiple series with respect to those on the other cars, means whereby said controller apparatus are caused to move synchronously and isochronously, thereby the connections of the several pairs of motors are simultaneously changed from series to multiple, car-brake apparatus, and means operated independently of said speed-controller and adapted to cause a change in the electrical condition of said controller apparatus and to change the condition of said brake apparatus, independently of the number of cars -to be affected.

35. The combination of aplurality of'cars,

driving-motors and their circuits for a plurality of said cars, motor-controller apparatus and their circuits upon the motor-cars, a lu-- rality oi' commuting-switches, one each for the ends of the motor-cars, said switches being so arranged and connected that any given movement of any one of the commuting-switch handles would electrically afiect all of the driv ing-motors in the same manner, car-brake apparatus and means operated independently of either of said commuting-switches and adaptedto cause a change in the electrical condition of the said circuits and to cause a. change in the'condition of said brake apparatus.

36. In a system of electrical propulsion, the combination of a pair of motors, a speed-controller for said motors and adapted to change the relation of said motors from series to parallel, a'commuting-switch and circuits controlled thereby, means whereby said switch normally tends to stand at open circuit, carbrake apparatus, and means operated independently of said speed-controller and adaptad to cause a change in the electrical condition of said circuits and to cause a change in the condition of said brake apparatus.

37. In a train system, the combination of a plurality of motors to drive each electricallyequipped car, a speed-controller upon each such carto control said motors, two commuting-switches upon each car, each such switch being located at its appropriate end of the car and adapted to govern the speed-controller carried thereby and also the speed-controllers upon the other cars of the train, a motor-reversing device carried by each equipped car, each such device being adapted to reverse the several motors under its control, car-brake ap paratus, and means operated independently of said speed-controller and adapted to cause a change in the electrical condition of said motors and to change the. condition of said brake apparatus when the relation betw'eentrackrails and the car-wheels becomes abnormal.

38. In an electrically-equipped train system, the combination of motors to drive the train, a speed-controller upon each equipped car and adapted to change the connections of the carmotors fromseries to multiple and vice versa, two commuting-switches upon each equipped car, each such switch being adapted to cause the several speedcontrollers to simultaneously adjust the motors under their control, a motor-reversing device on each equipped car, means upon each car whereby the several reversing devices may be controlled from any equipped car on the train, car-brake apparatus, means operated independently of said speed-controller and adapted to cause a change in the electrical condition of said motors and to cause a change in the condition of said brake apparatus when the relation between the track-rails and the car-wheels becomes abnorimal, as when said wheels leave said trackrai s.

39. A plurality ofcars, a plurality of driving-motors for such cars, contact apparatus for controlling the speed of said motors, means adapted-to actuate said contacts, a plurality of contacts for reversing said motors, means adapted to actuate the latter contacts, means adapted to connect the electrical apparatus on one car to such'apparatus on another car, commuting switches communicating with said speed-controlling contact apparatus, car-brake apparatus and means operated independently .of either of said commuting switches and adapted to cause a change in the electrical condition of said contact apparatus and to cause a change in the condition of said brake apparatus when the relation between the trackrails and the wheels of the car becomes abnormal, as when said wheels leave said rails.

40. A plurality of cars, driving-motors on some of the cars, circuits for the motors, a

plurality of separately-actuated contacts for effecting changes in the motor-circuits, means adapted to operate said contacts, a commuting-switch connected therewith independently of the motor-circuits, car-brake apparatus, a check device operated independently of said commuting-switch and adapted to cause a change in the electrical condition of said mptor-circuitsand to cause a change in the condition of said brake apparatus and means extending through the train whereby said check device may be brought into action.

41. A train with a plurality of equipped cars, driving-motors and circuits therefor, on

.a plurality of said cars, a plurality of contacts for efiecting changes in the motor-circuits, a plurality of contacts for reversing said motors, means adapted to control the former contacts, means adapted to govern the latter contacts, car brake apparatus on each equipped car, and apparatus adapted to cause achange in the electrical condition of said motor-circuits and to'cause a change in the con-,

dition of said brake apparatus when the normal relation between the track-rails and the wheels of one of said cars is changed, as when said wheels leave said track-rails.

42. A car equipped with motors to drive it,

a controller for said motors, motive mechanism adapted to operate said controller, carbrake apparatus, electromagnetic apparatus arranged along the path of said car and brought into an operative position by the movement of said car and check apparatus operated independently of said controller and adapted to cause a change in the electrical condition of said motors and to cause said brake apparatus to act, said check apparatus being brought into action by the said electromagnetic apparatus.

43. In an electrical train system, the combination of motor equipments, direction-controlling contacts for each. equipment, speeddetermining contacts for each equipment, means adapted to determine the definite position of these speed-contacts, car-brakeapparatus, and means operated independently of the speed-controlling apparatus and adapted to cause a change in the position and electrical condition of these latter contacts and to cause a change in the condition of said brake apparatus.

44, In an electrical train system, the combination of motor equipments, direction-controlling contacts for each equipment, speeddetermining contacts for each equipment, independent means adapted to operate the speed determining contacts, control wires, apparatus at one or more points connected therewith for controlling the latter moans simultaneously, carbrake apparatus, means operated independently of the speed-determining apparatus and adapted to cause a change in the position and in the electrical condition of said speed-determining contacts and to cause a change in the condition of said carbrake apparatus.

45. In an electrical train system, the combination of two or more cars, one or more of the cars being equipped with a motor or motors, a controller or controllers therefor, means for operating each controller, the car or cars so equipped being coupled to an additional car orcars each car being provided with speedcontrolling wires, car-brake apparatus, mechanism independent of said controller or controllers and adaptedto cause a change in the electrical condition of said motor -or motors and to cause a change in the normal condition of said brake apparatus and means adapted to bring the said mechanism into operation.

46. In an electrical train system, the combination of two or more cars, one or more of the cars being equipped with a motor or motors, a controller or controllers therefor, means adapted to operate each controller, the car or cars so equipped and one or more additional cars being provided with speed-control wires, a commutingswitch connected with the speed-control wires, car-brake apparatus, mechanism operated independently of the controller apparatus and adapted to cause a change in the electrical condition of said motor or motors and to cause a change in the condition of said brake apparatus and electromagnetic means energized from a distant point and adapted to actuate said mechanism.

4:7. The combinationof a plurality of motors or motor equipments,controllers adapted to vary the speed thereof, commuting-switches to govern said controllers, speed-control wires appropriately connected between saidcon r trollers and said commuting-switches, revers ing apparatus for said motors, direction-determining wires connected to the latter apparatus, reversing-switches connected to the latter wires, car-brake apparatus, a check device operated independently of the controller apparatus and adapted to cause a change in the electrical condition of said controllers and to cause a change in the normal condition of said brake apparatus and means adapted to trip said check device to cause the said change of conditions, the latter means being actuated from a distant point.,

48. The combination of sets of motors or motor equipments, controllers therefor, one or more commuting-switches, circuits whereby the latter switches govern said controllers, means adapted .to actuate said controllers, automatic means adapted to prevent an abnormal current in said motors, car-brake apparatus, mechanism independent of said controllers and adapted to cause a change in the electrical condition of said motors and to cause a change in the normal condition of said brake apparatus, and means actuated from a distant point and adapted to bring said mechanism into use.

49. The combination of sets of motors or motor equipments, series-parallel controllers therefor, two sets of wires, one set for controlling the speed and one set for determining the direction of motion, commuting-switches connected to said speed-control wires and thus communicating with the controllers, motorreversing devices connected to the directiondetermining wires, means located at each commuting-switch whereby when said switch is released while power is being delivered to said motors, the electrical condition of said speed-control wires will be changed, car-brake apparatus, mechanism independent of said controllers and adapted to cause a change in the electrical condition of said motors and to cause a change in the condition of said brake apparatus after said electrical change has been made.

50. In combination, acontroller comprising fixed contacts and movable contacts, a series of separately-actuated devices adapted to move said movable contacts step'by step, in one direction only, through a series of operative positions, means adapted to return said movable contacts totheir normal position, means adapted to successively actuate said actuating devices, motors controlled by said controller, car-brake apparatus, check apparatus inde pendent of the controller apparatus and adapted to cause the operative condition of said motors to change and to cause the condition of said brake apparatus to change and means adapted to receive power from a distant point and thereby influence the action of said check apparatus.

51. In combination, a motor, controller apparatus therefor, acommuti-ng-switch adapted to govern said controller apparatus, a reversing-switch for said motor, means constantly tending to restore the controller apparatus to its normal position independently of the retroactuated speed-controlling apparatus therefor,

a commuting-switch adapted. to successively control the sections of said apparatus, an independently-actuated device adapted to reverse said motor, an independent switch to control said reversing device, check apparatus independent of the controller apparatus and adapted to cause the operative condition of said motor to change and means adapted to receive power transmitted from a distant point and thereby cause said check apparatus to influence the said change.

53. In combination, a motor, a motor-controller comprising fixed contacts and movable contacts, a motor-reversing device, a plurality of commuting-switches, a commutingswitch line connected between the latter switches, a connection between said line and said controller whereby either of the commuting-switches will be enabled to cause said controller to move 54. An.electrically-equipped car having in combination, a motor, controlling apparatus therefor, a plurality of commuting-switches,

one each for the respective ends of the car, a

group of wires connected between said commuting switches, a plurality of couplingheads, one each for the respective ends of the car, the arrangement being such that a given WII'GWlll be connected to terminals, in the respective coupling-heads, which have the same relative position when the said two series of terminals are compared, check apparatus independent of the controller devices and adapted to cause the operative condition of said motor to be changed, and means adapted to receive power transmitted from a distant point and thereby influence the action of said check apparatus.

55. In an electrical system, a plurality of motors and motorcontroller devices, each having its movable contacts carried, by a suitable supporting apparatus, a plurality of separately-energizing coils operatively related to said supporting apparatus of each controller device, each of said coils, when energized, be-

ing adapted to cause the movable contacts to move through a portion onl y of the full length of their paths, a set of wires extending along the train and to which the said coils are connected, a commuting-switch adapted to supply current simultaneously to the corresponding coils of the several controller devices, a plurality of car-brake apparatus, check apparatus independent of the controller apparatus and adapted to cause the operative condition of said motors to change and toy cause the condition of saidv brake apparatus to change, and means adapted to cause said check apparatus to act.

56. In a system of electrical propulsion, the combination of a driving-motor, circuits therefor, speed-controlling apparatus connected to the motor-circuits, a switch for governing said speed controlling apparatus, motor-reversing mechanism connected to the motorcircuits and adapted to act only when the reversal of said motor is desired, a switch to govern the action of said reversing mechanism, carbrake apparatus, check apparatus independent of the controller apparatus and adapted to act, independently of the switch governing the speed-controllingapparatus, and cause the operative condition of said motor to change and to cause the condition of said brake apparatus to change, and means adapted to actuate said check apparatus.

'57. The combination of a plurality of cars connected up to form a train, motors uponand adapted to drive some of said cars, a plurality of wires fixed upon e ach motorecar, some of said wires, or any given motor-car, having five terminals, the corresponding terminals of thelatter. wires being grouped together and thus forming sets, two of such sets ending in commuting-switch apparatus, another two of said sets ending in two coupling-head devices located at the respective ends, of the car, the remaining set of said terminals ending in motor controlling apparatus, a connection between the appropriate coupling-head device on one motor-car and a coupling-head device on. another motor-car, whereby the corresponding coils of the motor-controlling apparatus on the several cars will beconnected in multiple independently of the orderor end relation of said cars, and thereby permitting the simultaneous control of all of the drivingmotors by the manipulation of either commuting-switch, car-brake apparatus upon each motor-car, and means independent of the controller apparatus and adapted to cause a change in the operative condition of said wires and to cause a change in the condition of said carlorake apparatus, the latter change to take place after the former.

58. Ina system of electrical propulsion, the combination of a plurality of cars, drivingmotors and their circuits upon some of said cars, speed-controlling apparatus upon each motor-equipped car, fixed contacts and movable contacts being included in said speed-controlling apparatus, a commuting-switch adapted to govern all of the speed controlling apparatus simultaneously, means, such as springs, relating to said movable contacts, whereby the latter contacts constantly tend to open the motor-circuits, means, such as a spring, located at said commutingswitch whereby all of said movable contacts will be caused to act automatically and open the motor-circuits upon failure of the motorman to control said commuting-switch while actuating-current is being delivered to said motors, check apparatus upon one or more motor-cars and adapted to cause a change in the operative condition of all of said motors and means adapted to cause said check apparatus to act.

59. In a system of electrical propulsion, the combination of a motor, a device for controlling the speed of said motor, the energizingcoils of said device having one set of their terminals permanently connected together to lead current from said coils while the other set of their terminals are in a normally open circuit a manually-operable switch which is adapted to connect the latter terminals in sequence to the open-circuit terminals of the current-supply circuit, said manually-operable switch being provided with mcans which constantly tends to out out of circuit all of the coils of said device, car-brake apparatus, check apparatus independent of the controller apparatus and adapted to cause a change in the operative condition of said motor and to cause a change in the brake apparatus, and means adapted to actuate said check apparatus.

60. In a system of electrical propulsion, the combination of driving-motor and its circuits, speed or work controlling apparatus for said motor, a commuting-switch adapted to govern said controlling apparatus, motor-reversing mechanism connected to said motor-circuits, the said mechanism being inactive except during the reversal of said motor, car-brake apparatus, check apparatus independent of the speed-controlling apparatus and adapted to cause a change in the operative condition of said motor and to cause the condition of said brake apparatus to change, and means adapted to receive power from a distant point and to cause said check apparatus to act.

61. In a train system, a plurality of fixed contacts located upon each appropriate car and contained in the circuits of the drivingmotor of such car, a plurality of movable contacts mounted upon each such car and carried by suitable supporting apparatus so as to be adapted to engage step by step with said fixed contacts to control the said motors, a plurality of separately-energized electrical coils upon each such cars and each of such coils being adapted to cause one step of a predetermined number of steps in the changes of connections between said fixed contacts and said movable contacts on each appropriate car, a system of wires extending through the train and to which said coils are operatively connected, a commuting-switch adapted to simultaneously supply current to the corresponding and appropriate coils upon the several cars, car brake apparatus, check apparatus independent of the controller apparatus and adapted to cause the operative condition of all of said motors to change and to cause the condition of all of said brake apparatus to change and means whereby said check apparatus may be caused to operate.

62. A train of cars, driving-motors upon a plurality of cars, motor speed-controlling apparatus upon each motor equipped car, means adapted to simultaneously govern the entire plurality of controllers, reversing devices upon each motor-equipped car and adapted to reverse the driving-motors, brake apparatus upon one or more of said cars and adapted to be actuated by energy which is first taken from the supply-circuit and then converted into a power suitable for the operation of said brake device, check apparatus independent of the controller apparatus and adapted to cause the operative condition of said motors to change and to cause the condition of said brake apparatus to change and means arranged along the line of way and adapted to cause said check apparatus to operate.

63. The combination of a plurality of electrically-equipped cars, driving-motors upon each such car, motor-controllers upon each such car, a commuting-switch adapted to govern said controllers and arranged upon one of such cars, circuits for said motors, circuits for said controllers car-brake apparatus independent of the motor-control apparatus and arranged upon some of said cars, check apparatus upon one or more of said cars and adapted to cause the operative condition of said motors to change, apparatus along the path of said cars and adapted to influence the action of said check apparatus and means upon one or more of said cars whereby energy is delivered to said apparatus along said path whereby check apparatus may be operated on a car which is disconnected from but following the said equipped cars.

, Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State ofNew York, this 5th day of May, A. D. 1898.

GRANVILLE T. WOODS. LYATES WOODS. Witnesses:

JAMES WADLINGTON, S. E. WooDs. 

